Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the suitability of fire detectors for use in different fire conditions as well as verify the reaction of tested detectors to misleading trigger information. The paper describes examples of most frequently used fire detectors, their range of application and the technology harnessed to protect fire alarm systems from deceptive influences. The paper discussed modern fire alarm system requirements and the authors identified buildings, and locations, where installation of fire alarm systems is obligatory, in accordance with current regulations.
Methodology: The reaction of fire detectors was tested in various fire conditions as well as their response to deceptive influences. During tests, measurements were performed on the chemical reaction and detector response speed upon receipt of input signals. Research investigations were performed on fire detectors in common use for a range of different needs. The detectors were distributed at a distance of about 2 metres from the source of a simulated fire hazard. There were three simulated testing conditions including: a welding process, a smouldering fire and an open fire. During the fire threat simulation, the temperature and smoke concentration as well as the sensors’ activation response were constantly measured.
Results: Studies have revealed that only detectors equipped with modern technology, dynamically adapted to deal with a varied range of fire incidents, are suitable for general application. Mainly, because they afford faster detection of potential threats as well as provide greater protection against false activation compared with conventional detectors.
Conclusions: As a result of research it was possible to verify, for certain defined fire situations, the time lag for activation of a fire detector. The detector reaction time to a fire threat is one of the fundamental elements, which describe the usefulness of a given sensor. The study made it possible to determine the benefit in use of fire detectors for a range of different circumstances involving the threat of fire. As a result of research it is possible to select more accurately a detector for specific use and, with a higher level of probability, avoid false alarms caused by deceptive forces.
Keywords: safety in buildings, fire detector, deceptive events, fire systems
Type of article: original scientific article